Poladroid software is the easiest and funniest Polaroid Image Maker for MAC, Windows and more. From your digital photos, create vintage pictures and full of. Appellations. Lexpression livre numrique et ses synonymes livre lectronique et livrel ont t proposs par lOffice qubcois de la. Box Mobile. Le Trs Haut Dbit partout, tout le temps et pour toute la famille Testez votre ligibilit la fibre ou votre dbit internet et profitez de la. French colonial empire Wikipedia. The French colonial empire constituted the overseas colonies, protectorates and mandate territories that came under French rule from the 1. A distinction is generally made between the first colonial empire, that existed until 1. Algiers in 1. 83. The second empire came to an end after the loss of bitter wars in Vietnam 1. Algeria 1. 96. 2, and peaceful decolonization elsewhere after 1. Competing with Spain, Portugal, the United Provinces, and later England, France began to establish colonies in North America, the Caribbean, and India in the 1. A series of wars with Great Britain and other European major powers during the 1. France losing nearly all of its conquests. France rebuilt a new empire mostly after 1. Africa, as well as Indochina and the South Pacific. Republicans, at first hostile to empire, only became supportive when Germany started to build her own colonial empire. As it developed, the new empire took on roles of trade with France, especially supplying raw materials and purchasing manufactured items, as well as lending prestige to the motherland and spreading French civilization and language, and the Catholic religion. It also provided manpower in the World Wars. 5It became a moral mission to lift the world up to French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture. In 1. 88. 4, the leading proponent of colonialism, Jules Ferry, declared The higher races have a right over the lower races, they have a duty to civilize the inferior races. Full citizenship rights assimilation were offered, although in reality assimilation was always receding and the colonial populations treated like subjects not citizens. 6 France sent small numbers of settlers to its empire, contrary to Great Britain, and previously Spain and Portugal, with the only notable exception of Algeria, where the French settlers nonetheless always remained a small minority. At its apex, it was one of the largest empires in history. Including metropolitan France, the total amount of land under French sovereignty reached 1. In World War II, Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France. Historian Tony Chafer argues In an effort to restore its world power status after the humiliation of defeat and occupation, France was eager to maintain its overseas empire at the end of the Second World War. 7 However, after 1. European authority. The French constitution of October 2. Fourth Republic, established the French Union which endured until 1. Newer remnants of the colonial empire were integrated into France as overseas departments and territories within the French Republic. These now total altogether 1. French colonial empires area, with 2. By the 1. 97. 0s, says Robert Aldrich, the last vestiges of empire held little interest for the French. He argues, Except for the traumatic decolonization of Algeria, however, what is remarkable is how few long lasting effects on France the giving up of empire entailed. 8First French colonial empireeditThe Americasedit. French Northern America was known as Nouvelle France or New France. During the 1. 6th century, the French colonization of the Americas began. Excursions of Giovanni da Verrazzano and Jacques Cartier in the early 1. French boats and fishermen to the Grand Banks off Newfoundland throughout that century, were the precursors to the story of Frances colonial expansion. 9 But Spains jealous protection of its foreign monopoly, and the further distractions caused in France itself in the later 1. French Wars of Religion, prevented any constant efforts by France to settle colonies. Early French attempts to found colonies in Brazil, in 1. Rio de Janeiro France Antarctique and in Florida including Fort Caroline in 1. So Lus France quinoxiale, were not successful, due to a lack of official interest and to Portuguese and Spanish vigilance. 1. The story of Frances colonial empire truly began on 2. July 1. 60. 5, with the foundation of Port Royal in the colony of Acadia in North America, in what is now Nova Scotia, Canada. A few years later, in 1. Samuel De Champlain founded Quebec, which was to become the capital of the enormous, but sparsely settled, fur trading colony of New France also called Canada. 1. New France had a rather small population, which resulted from more emphasis being placed on the fur trade rather than agricultural settlements. Due to this emphasis, the French relied heavily on creating friendly contacts with the local First Nations community. Without the appetite of New England for land, and by relying solely on Aboriginals to supply them with fur at the trading posts, the French composed a complex series of military, commercial, and diplomatic connections. These became the most enduring alliances between the French and the First Nation community. The French were, however, under pressure from religious orders to convert them to Catholicism. 1. Through alliances with various Native American tribes, the French were able to exert a loose control over much of the North American continent. Areas of French settlement were generally limited to the St. Lawrence River Valley. Prior to the establishment of the 1. Sovereign Council, the territories of New France were developed as mercantile colonies. It is only after the arrival of intendant Jean Talon in 1. France gave its American colonies the proper means to develop population colonies comparable to that of the British. Acadia itself was lost to the British in the Treaty of Utrecht in 1. Back in France there was relatively little interest in colonialism, which concentrated rather on dominance within Europe, and for most of its history, New France was far behind the British North American colonies in both population and economic development. 1. In 1. 69. 9, French territorial claims in North America expanded still further, with the foundation of Louisiana in the basin of the Mississippi River. The extensive trading network throughout the region connected to Canada through the Great Lakes, was maintained through a vast system of fortifications, many of them centred in the Illinois Country and in present day Arkansas. 1. Louis XV Colonies Franoises West Indies 1. Diniers copper Sous w1. RF counterstampAs the French empire in North America grew, the French also began to build a smaller but more profitable empire in the West Indies. Settlement along the South American coast in what is today French Guiana began in 1. Saint Kitts in 1. English until the Treaty of Utrecht in 1. The Compagnie des les de lAmrique founded colonies in Guadeloupe and Martinique in 1. Saint Lucia by 1. The food producing plantations of these colonies were built and sustained through slavery, with the supply of slaves dependent on the African slave trade. Local resistance by the indigenous peoples resulted in the Carib Expulsion of 1. Frances most important Caribbean colonial possession was established in 1. Saint Domingue todays Haiti was founded on the western half of the Spanish island of Hispaniola. In the 1. 8th century, Saint Domingue grew to be the richest sugar colony in the Caribbean. The eastern half of Hispaniola todays Dominican Republic also came under French rule for a short period, after being given to France by Spain in 1. Africa and AsiaeditFrench colonial expansion was not limited to the New World. In Senegal in West Africa, the French began to establish trading posts along the coast in 1. In 1. 66. 4, the French East India Company was established to compete for trade in the east. With the decay of the Ottoman Empire, in 1. French seized Algiers, thus beginning the colonization of French North Africa. During the First World War, after France had suffered heavy casualties on the Western Front, they began to recruit soldiers from their African empire. By 1. 91. 7, France had recruited 2. African soldiers. 1. Their most decorated regiments came from Morocco, but due to the ongoing Zaian War they were only able to recruit 2. Moroccans. African soldiers had success in the Battle of Verdun and failure in the Nivelle Offensive, but in general regardless of their usefulness, French generals did not think highly of their African troops. 1. After the First World War, Frances African war aims were not being decided by her cabinet or the official mind of the colonial ministry, but rather the leaders of the colonial movement in French Africa. The first occasion of this was in 1.
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